home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
/
TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
/
1980
/
80
/
80capsov.3
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-02-27
|
3KB
|
72 lines
<text>
<title>
(1980) The Red Tide Ebbs And Flows
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1980 Highlights
</history>
<link 06351>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ESSAY
The Red Tide Ebbs and Flows
</hdr>
<body>
<p> For many Americans, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was
only the latest in a long, and seemingly unbroken, string of
Moscow-sponsored Communist takeovers. Between 1944 and 1948,
Albania, Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and
East Germany all fell under Soviet control, either by Soviet
army conquest or political subversion. North Korea, which was
occupied by Soviet troops, entered Moscow's orbit in 1948, and
China the following year, after Mao Tse-tung's armies swept
across the country. Five years later, North Viet Nam became
Communist, after the peasant armies of Ho Chi Minh humiliated
the French at Dien Bien Phu. In 1960, Fidel Castro aligned Cuba
with the Kremlin. The 1970s saw the emergence of Marxist,
pro-Moscow regimes in Ethiopia, Angola, Mozambique, South Viet
Nam, Laos and Cambodia.
</p>
<p> The tide has not flowed entirely in Moscow's direction. In
1948, after Tito persisted in pursuing an independent policy,
Yugoslavia was expelled from the Com-inform, the international
alliance of Marxist-Leninist states headed by the U.S.S.R.
China under Mao grew increasingly upset over Soviet
"revisionism" in the early 1960s. All Soviet advisers were
expelled, and since then relations with Moscow have varied from
cool to hostile. Three other Communist countries are no longer
dutiful Soviet satellites. Albania, from 1960 through 1978 a
xenophobic bastion of Maoism in the Balkans, now scorns Peking,
Washington and Moscow alike. Rumania, although economically and
militarily tied to the Warsaw Pact, since 1966 has tried to go
its own way in diplomatic matters. North Korea tends to play
Moscow and Peking against each other, seeking aid from both.
</p>
<p> In the Third World, Moscow's losses have been almost as
spectacular as its gains. Soviet influence in Indonesia
collapsed with the army's assumption of power in 1966; Sudan
crushed its own Communists in 1971, blaming Moscow's Eastern
European allies for a coup attempt; and Egypt threw out its
Soviet advisers in 1972. Though nominally nonaligned, India
tilted toward Moscow after Indira Gandhi signed a friendship
treaty with the Soviet Union in 1971. So far, in her second
rise to power, Gandhi insists that India will remain genuinely
nonaligned. Somalia brusquely expelled the Soviets from its
huge missile and naval base at Berbera in 1977 after Moscow
backed Ethiopia in the Ogaden War.
</p>
<p> Many Third World nations have discovered that the Soviets, for
all their support of revolution and liberation movements, can
be uncomfortable, even unpleasant, allies. They are generous
with arms but stingy with other economic aid, and their advisers
are often boorish "ugly Russians." If nothing else, the Soviets
are persistent, and they accept setbacks as only temporary. The
Kremlin also has a word for regimes that have adopted Communism
and the Moscow line: irreversible.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>